Petr Vanýsek, Vítězslav Novák
Availability of Suitable Raw Materials Determining the Prospect for Energy Storage Systems Based on Redox Flow Batteries
Číslo: 1/2018
Periodikum: Acta Montanistica Slovaca
Klíčová slova: global ore resources, redox reactions, energy storage, flow cells, RFB, accumulators, raw material market
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Anotace:
Successful large-scale deployment and manufacturing of newly designed products depends on the availability of raw materials and
therefore even fundamental research on electrochemical energy sources cannot ignore the need to secure enough construction and active
mass materials. Increasing use of renewable energy sources (for example, wind and solar) require some means of energy storage to balance
fundamentally periodic or irregular energy supply. This storage can be electrochemical. One of the most interesting types of
electrochemical cells suitable for energy storage are the so-called redox flow batteries (RFB) that store energy in reservoirs. Unlike in
conventional cells and batteries, where the amount of stored energy directly depends on the size or volume of the battery electrodes, in the
flow cells the advantage is that their energy capacity can be adjusted by refilling the connected containers. The paper describes the basic
principles, design and types of flow systems, as well as interesting modern developmental trends related, among other things, to the
availability, supplies, mining and market prices of raw materials used in these storage devices. The present concept of RFB is based on
utilisation of various oxidation forms of vanadium. However, since the world supplies of vanadium are limited and unsuitable to meet the
whole theoretical demand for energy storage, other concepts, based on more common metals (zinc, lead) or organic redox systems, are being
discussed.
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therefore even fundamental research on electrochemical energy sources cannot ignore the need to secure enough construction and active
mass materials. Increasing use of renewable energy sources (for example, wind and solar) require some means of energy storage to balance
fundamentally periodic or irregular energy supply. This storage can be electrochemical. One of the most interesting types of
electrochemical cells suitable for energy storage are the so-called redox flow batteries (RFB) that store energy in reservoirs. Unlike in
conventional cells and batteries, where the amount of stored energy directly depends on the size or volume of the battery electrodes, in the
flow cells the advantage is that their energy capacity can be adjusted by refilling the connected containers. The paper describes the basic
principles, design and types of flow systems, as well as interesting modern developmental trends related, among other things, to the
availability, supplies, mining and market prices of raw materials used in these storage devices. The present concept of RFB is based on
utilisation of various oxidation forms of vanadium. However, since the world supplies of vanadium are limited and unsuitable to meet the
whole theoretical demand for energy storage, other concepts, based on more common metals (zinc, lead) or organic redox systems, are being
discussed.