Anotace:
Bovine reproductive physiology is a complex process that is closely linked to the cattle industry‘s effective production. Follicle diameter and the hormonal content of follicular fluid play an important role in determining ovum quality, overall embryo production, and bovine fertility. This study investigates the hormonal profile of follicular fluid in ovarian follicles of varying sizes in Iraqi cows. A total of 22 samples were collected from sexually mature, disease-free, and non-pregnant cows over a two-month period (July and August). Three of the follicle groups were classified: (2–5 mm), (6–9 mm), and (10–15 mm). Following visual measurement, follicular fluid was extracted, and concentrations of progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed. The results showed a significant difference (p <0.0001) in progesterone levels 6–9 mm. Also, estrogen concentration was higher in 10–15 mm compared to the other groups. Testosterone concentration was higher in follicles (2–5 mm) compared to follicles (10–15 mm and 6–9 mm), respectively. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was higher in 2–5 mm compared to 10–15 mm follicles. The current outcomes participate to the thoughtful of known mechanisms of hormonal function in ovarian follicle growth in bovine species, showing that progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, and TSH are critical factors in these mechanisms.