An update on the ixodes ricinus microbiome

Vladimir Kmeť, Zuzana Čaplová

An update on the ixodes ricinus microbiome

Číslo: 6/2018/2019
Periodikum: Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences
DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2019.8.6.1340-1342

Klíčová slova: Ixodes ricinus, bacteria, NGS, Maldi tof, Staphylococcus, antibiotic resistance

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Anotace: Ixodes ricinus is vector in the transmission of many important infectious diseases in human and animals. There is still minimal information available on the bacterial agents associated with ticks found in Slovakia. We performed a survey of the bacterial communities associated with Ixodes ricinus collected from forest area near a great city aglomeration. Bacterial 16S rRNA hypervariable region amplicon libraries prepared from the Ixodes ricinus females were sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. We detected a total of 107 bacterial genera and order Clostridiales and class Bacilli (with more than 100 reads). Dominant taxa included the tick endosymbionts e.g. spotted fever group (Rickettsia 21998 reads) and Coxiella (10715 reads). Second dominant species was mycoplasma Spiroplasma ixodetis (9554 reads).

Dominant enviromental soil bacteria were Pseudomonas (6741 reads), Nocardiodes (4753 reads), Brevundimonas (2797 reads), Devosia (2797 reads) Aureimonas (1398 reads), Actinomycetospora (964 reads), Terrimonas (962 reads), Pedobacter (1139 reads), Methylobacterium (956 reads), Rhodococcus (945 reads), Williamsia (832 reads), Rhizobium (787 reads), Mesorhizobium (631 reads), Rhizobium (602 reads) and Spirosoma (486 reads) .
Firmicutes were only 280 reads with 151 reads of Clostridia and 128 reads of Bacilli (include Staphylococcus and Bacillus ). The cultivation and Maldi Tof analysis revealed seven species of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) i.e., Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. capitis, S.haemolyticus, S.hominis, S. pasteuri, S.chromogenes, S.warneri and Micrococcus luteus. Antibiotic resistant CoNS with msrA and blaZ genes were detected. Five species of bacilli i.e. Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis , B. thuringiensis and B. mycoides and two species of Brevibacillus i.e. B. parabrevis and B. agri were detected by Maldi Tof, also. The results of the next generation sequencing revealed a new look at the complexity of the Ixodes ricinus microbiome.