Ideologie a praxe domobrany v meziválečné Evropě. Heimwehr jako příklad rakouského hnutí domobrany (1918–1934)

WW  I. It is analysed using the example of the Heimwehr movement in Austria, which was
a regionally differentiated group with a radical anti-Marxist stance and bearing all signs of fascist
orientation. The research looks for specific features of this type of militia in the context of the
First Austrian Republic from the beginning of the movement in 1919 until the thirties when its
influence peaked. Also the ideological background of the Heimwehr and the idea of the “Estates
state” (Ständestaat) of Othmar Spann is a part of the analysis. The Heimwehr had been steadily
pushing for an anti-democratic change of the political system. The authoritarian course of the
Dollfuss’ government that Heimwehr helped establish culminated in a civil war in February 1934.
The Austrian Social Democratic Party was outlawed. In spite of the problematic sympathy with
Nazism of the Styrian group of the Heimwehr, the part of the Heimwehr under the leadership of
Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg decisively helped the Austrian government to successfully withstand
the onslaught from Austrian Nazis and the pressure coming from the Third Reich in the critical
time between Spring 1933 and Summer 1934.