Anotace:
Neural networks experienced great deal of success in many domains of machine intelligence. In tasks such as object detection,speech recognition or natural language processing is performance of neural networks close to that of human. This allows penetrationof neural networks in many domains. The medicine is one of the domains that can successfully harvest methodological advancesin neural networks. Medical personnel has to deal with huge amount of data that are used for patients’ diagnosis, monitoring andtreatment. Application of neural networks in diagnosis and decision support systems have proven to add more objectivity to diagnosis,allow for quicker and more accurate decision and provide more personalized treatment. In this brief review we describe severalmain architectures of neural networks together with their applications. We provide description of convolutional neural networks,auto-encoders and recurrent neural networks together with their applications such as medical image segmentation, processing ofelectrocardiogram for arrhythmia detection and many others.